Geography and Information About France

France, officially called the Republic of France, is a country located in Western Europe. The country also has several overseas territories and islands around the world, but the mainland of France is called Metropolitan France. It stretches north to south from the North Sea and the English Channel to the Mediterranean Sea and from the Rhine River to the Atlantic Ocean. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French RepublicCapital: ParisPopulation: 67,364,357  (2018) Note:  This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233Official Language: FrenchCurrency: Euro (EUR)Form of Government: Semi-presidential republicClimate:Metropolitan France:  Generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as the mistralFrench Guiana:  Tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variationGuadeloupe and Martinique:  Subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on averageMayotte:  Tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)Reunion:  Tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (Ma y to November), hot and rainy (November to April)Total Area: 248,573 square miles (643,801 square kilometers)Highest Point: Mont Blanc at 15,781 feet (4,810 meters)Lowest Point: Rhone River delta at -6 feet (-2 meters) History of France France has a long history and, according to the  U.S. Department of State, it was one of the earliest countries to develop an organized nation-state. As a result of the mid-1600s, France was one of the most powerful countries in Europe. By the 18th century, though, France began having financial problems due to the lavish spending of King Louis XIV and his successors. These and social problems eventually led to the  French Revolution  that lasted from 1789–1794. Following the revolution, France shifted its government between absolute rule or  constitutional monarchy  four times during the Empire of  Napoleon, the reigns of King Louis XVII and then Louis-Philippe and finally the Second Empire of Napoleon III. In 1870 France was involved in the Franco-Prussian War, which established the countrys Third Republic that lasted until 1940. France was hit hard during  World War I  and in 1920 it established the  Maginot Line  of border defenses to protect itself from the rising power of Germany. Despite these  defenses,  however,​  France was occupied by Germany early during  World War II. In 1940 it was divided into two sections—one that was directly controlled by Germany and another that was controlled by France (known as the Vichy Government). By 1942 though, all of France was occupied by the  Axis Powers. In 1944, the Allied Powers liberated France. Following WWII, a new constitution established Frances Fourth Republic and a parliament was set up. On May 13,  1958,​  this government collapsed due to Frances involvement in a war with Algeria.  As a result,​  General Charles de Gaulle became the head of government to prevent civil war and the Fifth Republic was established. In 1965, France held an election and de Gaulle was elected as president, but in 1969 he resigned after several governmental proposals were rejected. Since de Gaulles resignation, France has had seven different leaders and its recent presidents have developed strong ties to the  European Union. The country was also one of the EUs six founding nations. In 2005, France underwent three weeks of civil unrest as its minority groups began a series of violent protests. In 2017,  Emmanuel Macron  was elected president. Government of France Today, France is considered a republic with executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. Its executive branch is made up of a chief of state (the president) and a head of government (the prime minister). Frances legislative branch consists of a  bicameral Parliament  made up of the Senate and the National Assembly. The judicial branch of Frances government is its Supreme Court of Appeals, the Constitutional Council, and the Council of State. France is divided into 27 regions for local administration. Economics and Land Use in France According to the  CIA World Factbook, France has a large economy that is currently transitioning from one with government ownership to a more privatized one. The main industries in France are machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, textiles, and food processing. Tourism also represents a large part of its economy, as the country gets about 75 million foreign visitors each year. Agriculture is also practiced in some areas of France, and the main products of that industry are wheat, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes, beef, dairy products, and fish. Geography and Climate of France Metropolitan France is the part of France that is located in Western Europe to the southeast of the United Kingdom along the Mediterranean Sea, the Bay of Biscay, and the English Channel. The country also has several overseas territories: French Guiana in South Americ, the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique in the Caribbean Sea, Mayotte in the Southern Indian Ocean, and Reunion in Southern Africa. Metropolitan France has a varied topography that consists of flat plains and/or low rolling hills in the north and west, while the rest of the country is mountainous with the Pyrenees in the south and the Alps in the east. The highest point in France is Mont Blanc at 15,771 feet (4,807 m). The climate of Metropolitan France varies by location, but most of the country has cool winters and mild summers, while the Mediterranean region has mild winters and hot summers. Paris, the capital and largest city of France, has an average January low temperature of 36 degrees (2.5 C) and an average July high of 77 degrees (25 C). Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook - France.Infoplease.com. France: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com.United States Department of State. France.

A Dream Deferred - a Literary Comparison - 1878 Words

The Dream Deferred – A Comparison Kristy Andrews Axia College of University of Phoenix In Lorraine Hansberrys play A Raisin in the Sun, the author reveals a hard-working, honest African-American family struggling to make their dreams come true. Langston Hughes poem, Harlem, illustrates what could happen if those dreams never came to fruition. Together, both Hansberry and Hughes show the effects on human beings when a long-awaited dream is thwarted by economic and social hardships. Each of the characters in A Raisin in the Sun has a dream for which they base their whole happiness and livelihood on attaining. However, the character of Lena Younger, or Mama, differs from the other members of her family. Time after time, Mama†¦show more content†¦Walters lost dream rots his strength until he sinks to his lowest point in the play: Walter plans to accept the money from Mr. Lindner in return for agreement not to move into the house in Clybourne Park. But in the ultimate test, Walter Lee cannot sell his own soul (Phillips 55). The pride of both Walter and the f amily makes it impossible for Walter to accept Mr. Lindners offer. Walters final stand made to Mr. Lindner provokes Lena to announce to the family that Walter Lee has finally come into his manhood (Hansberry 1757). Walter lee Younger represents those who rise above their own weaknesses even after all the dreams they work for have been deferred. The character of Beneatha Younger illustrates the best-educated member of the Younger family. Beneatha dreams of becoming a doctor. This dream originates from a childhood experience where a playmate injured himself while sledding, but a doctor was able to save him, with only a small scar left as evidence of the accident. This left Beneatha with the determination to learn medicine. Beneathas obstacles differ greatly from both Walters and Lenas. First, Beneatha is only twenty years old, and attractive. Women such as Beneatha were expected to marry and have children, not become a doctor or have any education pasts that of high school. Sec ond, Beneathas extreme naivete towards the world around herShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Harlem 1303 Words   |  6 Pagesthen-new literary art, catapulted his writings between the 1930s - 1960s. He is often credited as the leader of the Harlem Renaissance, and â€Å"famously wrote about the period that ‘the negro was in vogue.’† (Langston). Throughout his body of work, Hughes spoke eloquently to the full spectrum of dreams - both their inspirational power and their heavy burden, if not fully realized. His famed poem, â€Å"Harlem (Dream Deferred)† uses heavy symbolism, falling into three definitive categories: 1. Dreams; 2. FoodRead MoreLiterary Techniques Poetry Analysis 1758 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Techniques: Poetry Analysis 1 Diction and Imagery Literary Techniques †¢ The meaning of a poem (i.e its focus, mood and the speaker’s attitude) is enhanced by four main types of literary techniques: †¢ Diction †¢ Imagery †¢ Sound devices †¢ Rhythm, Rhyme and Repetition Diction †¢ Diction is the choice of words a poet uses to bring meaning across. In working through a poem, it is useful to question why a certain word is used, and what kind of effect is achieved with the choice and placementRead MoreLangston HughesHarlem And The Figurative Lynching Of Dreams1142 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Harlem† and the Figurative Lynching of Dreams During the years preceding the publication of â€Å"Harlem†, Langston Hughes was subject to an increasing censorship of his work and serious accusations of treason by the U.S government (J. Miller 79). Throughout his entire career as an author and activist, he wrote extensively on racial injustices experienced by his fellow African Americans in the early twentieth century. Though support for racial equality was growing at the time, his criticisms of AmericanRead MoreLangston Hughes And How His Style Of Writing1564 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica and surviving in spite of immense difficulties. Langston Hughes is one of the most influential writers because his style of work not only captured the situation of African Americans; it also grabbed the attention of other races with the use of literary elements and other stylistic qualities. Langston Hughes became well known for his way of interpreting music into his work of writing, which readers love and enjoy today. Langston Hughes remains known as the most impressive, durable Negro writerRead MoreAmerican Dream in a Raisin in the Sun4319 Words   |  18 PagesCHAPTER III: The Impact of Identity on Dreams – 1. Identity in the Sight of Other People In actual fact, people have a certain view or conception about what somebody is. This view is quite different from what the individual himself has. But then the harm in all this is that this state of affairs has a great impact on what an individual is supposed to become in life especially when he doesn’t have a great sense of objectivity or when he is not determined to achieve his life goal regardlessRead More Langston Hughes - A Literary Genius Essay2076 Words   |  9 Pagesworks, Hughes is considered a voice of the African-American people and a prime example of the magnificence of the Harlem Renaissance who promoted equality, condemned racism and injustice that the Negro society endured, and left behind a precious literary and enduring legacy for the future generations. In an endeavor to explore why and to what extent his poetry has still been read and used in modern days, Ive found no African American writer has ever been an extreme inspiration to all audiences ofRead Mor eLangston Hughes: A Poet Supreme Essay1879 Words   |  8 Pagesa close textual reading of Hughess poetry and although a large body of critical work already exists, I would like to focus on one piece by Hughes to evidence my case for his stature. That piece is the multipart, book-lenght poem Montage of a Dream Deferred (1951). In Montage, which Hughes described in a letter to Arna Bontemps as what you might call a precedent shattering opus-also could be known as a tour de force, Hughes addresses a number of critical problems facing black poetry: (1) howRead MoreWhat Qualities That Make A Langston Hughes Work Memorable And Timeless2528 Words   |  11 Pages ENG 341 Studies in Literary Genres Final Paper Andria Reynolds CHB 431DS August 29, 2014 Bruce Hunter There are certain qualities that make a Langston Hughes’ work memorable and timeless. Whether it is the topics that choose to write about or types of characters he chose to portray. Imagery provides the reader with a visual picture of what the writer is trying to convey, rhythm gives the story its beat, and the metaphor gives the work its deeper meaning. All three componentsRead MoreA Strategic Management Case Study on the Walt Disney Company8543 Words   |  35 PagesBackground When brothers Walt and Roy Disney moved to Los Angeles in 1923, they went there to sell their cartoons and animated shorts. One could only  dream  that their name would one day be synonymous with entertainment worldwide. But then again, that is how The Walt Disney Company has made their fortunes over the last several decades: making â€Å"dreams† come true. The Disney brothers began creating countless cartoons (some successful and others not so much), and in 1928, introduced Mickey Mouse to theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS) 24 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 28 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 30 SCORING KEY AND COMPARISON DATA 42 Personal Assessment of Management Skills 42 Scoring Key 42 Comparison Data 42 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 43 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 43 PART I 1 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 45 DEVELOPING SELF-AWARENESS SKILL ASSESSMENT 46 Diagnostic Surveys for

Notreal Free Essays

This chapter is as challenging as the one you just finished on cellular respiration. However, conceptually it will be a little easier because the concepts learned in Chapter 9—namely, chemiosmosis and an electron transport system—will play a central role in photosynthesis. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Notreal or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a review, define the terms autotroph and heterotroph. Keep in mind that plants have itochondria and chloroplasts and do both cellular respiration and photosynthesis! Concept 10. 1 Photosynthesis converts light energy to the chemical energy of food 2. Take a moment to place the chloroplast in the leaf by working through Figure 10. 3. Draw a picture of the chloroplast and label the stroma, thylakoid, thylakoid space, inner membrane, and outer membrane. 3. Use both chemical symbols and words to write out the formula for photosynthesis (use the one that indicates only the net consumption of water). The formula is the opposite of cellular respiration.You should know both formulas from memory. 4. Using 18 O as the basis of your discussion, explain how we know that the oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from water. 5. Photosynthesis is not a single process, but two processes, each with multiple steps. a. Explain what occurs in the light reactions stage of photosynthesis. Be sure to use NADP + and photophosphorylation in your discussion. b. Explain the Calvin cycle, utilizing the term carbon fixation in your discussion. AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. – 2 – . The details of photosynthesis will be easier to organize if you can visualize the overall process. Label Figure 10. 5, below. As you work on this, underline the items that are cycled between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Concept 10. 2 The light reactions convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH This is a long and challenging concept. Take your time, work through the questions, and realize that this is the key concept for photosynthesis. 7. Some of the types of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum will be familiar, such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves.The most imporant part of the spectrum in photosynthesis is visible light. What are the colors of the visible spectrum? Notice the colors and corresponding wavelengths and then explain the relationship between wavelength and energy. 8. Read Figure 10. 9 carefully; then explain the correlation between an absorbtion spectra and an action spectrum. 9. Describe how Englemann was able to form an action spectrum long before the invention of a spectrophotometer. AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. – 3 – 10.A photosystem is composed of a protein complex called a ___________-__________ complex surrounded by several __________-____________ complexes. 11. Within the photosystems, the critical conversion of solar energy to chemical energy occurs. This process is the essence of being a producer! Using Figure 10. 12 as a guide, label the diagram and then explain the role of the terms in the photosystem. a) Reaction center complex— b) Light-harvesting complex— c) Primary electron acceptor— 12. Photosystem I is referred to by the wavelength at which its reaction center best absorbs light, orP__________; photosystem II is also known by this characteristic, or P__________. AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. – 4 – 13. Linear electron flow is, fortunately, easier than it looks. It is an electron transport chain, somewhat like the one we worked through in cellular respiration. While reading the section â€Å"Linear Electron Flow,† label the diagram number by number as you read. 14. The following set of questions deal with linear electron flow: a. What is the source of energy that requires the electron in photosystem II? . What compound is the source of electrons for linear electron flow? This compound is also the source of ___________ in the atmosphere. c. As electrons fall between photosystem I and II, the cytochrome complex uses the energy to pump ________ ions. This builds a proton gradient that is used in chemiosmosis to produce what? AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. – 5 – d. In photosystem II, the excited electron is eventually used by NADP + reductase to join NADP + and a H + to form ___________. Notice that two high-energy compounds have been produced by the light reactions: ATP and NADPH. Both of these compounds will be used in the Calvin cycle. 15. Cyclic electron flow can be visualized in Figure 10. 15. Cyclic electron flow is thought to be similar to the first forms of photosynthesis to evolve. In cyclic electron flow no water is split, there is no production of __________, and there is no release of __________. 16. The last idea in this challenging concept is how chemiosmosis works in photosynthesis. Use four examples to compare how chemiosmosis is similar in photosynthesis and cellular espiration. 17. Use two key differences to explain how chemiosmosis is different in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (These two questions are another example of compare and contrast. ) 18. Label all the locations in the diagram first. Next, follow the steps in linear electron flow to label the components of the light reactions in chemiosmosis. AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. – 6 – 19. List the three places in the light reactions where a proton-motive force is generated. 20.As a review, note that the light reactions store chemical energy in __________ and __________, which shuttle the energy to the carbohydrate-producing __________ cycle. Concept 10. 3 The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar The Calvin cycle is a metabolic pathway in which each step is governed by an enzyme, much like the citric acid cycle from cellular respiration. However, keep in mind that the Calvin cycle uses energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) and is therefore anabolic; in contrast, cellular respiration is catabolic and releases energy that is used to generate ATP and NADH. 1. The carbohydrate produced directly from the Calvin cycle is not glucose, but the three-carbon compound __________________________. Each turn of the Calvin cycle fixes one molecule of CO2; therefore, it will take ___________ turns of the Calvin cycle to net one G3P. 22. Explain the important events that occur in the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin cycle. 23. The enzyme responsible for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle, and possibly the most abundant protein on Earth, is __________________. 24. In phase two, the reduction stage, the reducing power of _________________ will donate lectrons to the low-energy acid 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to form the three-carbon sugar ._________________________ AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. – 7 – 25. Examine Figure 10. 18 while we tally carbons. This figure is designed to show the production of one net G3P. That means the Calvin cycle must be turned three times. Each turn will require a starting molecule of ribulose bisphosphate, a five-carbon compound. This means we start with __________ carbons distributed in three RuBPs.After fixing three carbon dioxides using the enzyme _______________, the Calvin cycle forms six G3Ps with a total of _________ carbons. At this point the net gain of carbons is _________, or one net G3P molecule. 26. Three turns of the Calvin cycle nets one G3P because the other five must be recycled to RuBP. Explain how the regeneration of RuBP is accomplished. 27. The net production of one G3P requires __________ molecules of ATP and __________ molecules of NADPH. Concept 10. 4 Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation have evolved in hot, arid climates 28. Explain what is meant by a C3 plant. 9. What happens when a plant undergoes photorespiration? 30. Explain how photorespiration can be a problem in agriculture. 31. Explain what is meant by a C4 plant. AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. – 8 – 32. Explain the role of PEP carboxylase in C4 plants, including key differences between it and rubisco. 33. Conceptually, it is important to know that the C4 pathway does not replace the Calvin cycle but works as a CO2 pump that prefaces the Calvin cycle.Explain how changes in leaf architecture elp isolate rubisco in high CO2 areas but low O2 areas. 34. Using Figure 10. 19 as a guide, explain the three key events—indicated by the arrows below— in the C4 pathway. AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. – 9 – 35. Compare and contrast C4 plants with CAM plants. In your explanation, give two key similarities and two key differences. 36. Explain the statement that only the green cells of a plant are the autotroph while the rest of the plant is a heterotroph. 37. Now that you have worked through the entire chapter, study Figure 10. 1. Go back to the figure used in question 6. On the left side of that figure, list additional information for the light reactions; on the right side, summarize additional information for the Calvin cycle reactions. Finally, label this entire figure without looking back in your book! If you can do this, you understand the â€Å"big picture. † AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter How to cite Notreal, Papers

Weather Management System WMS

Question: Discuss about the Weather Management System WMS. Answer: Introduction: This paper will draw and discuss two architectures; the service oriented architecture (SOA) and the agent oriented architecture (AOA) in light of the WMS that has the following components; weather sensors for temperature, barometer, and humidity. The system has a scheduler connected to sensors that triggers reading of sensor values. A report manager collects the data from sensors and then creates a report on request; the report is displayed on a screen (Krafzig, Banke and Slama, 2005). The history tracker then stores all historical data from the report manager. Service Oriented Architecture SOA refers to an architectural style supporting service orientation. Service orientation refers to a way of thinking in terms of service based operation and services development and their outcomes. The service in this case is the logical representation of activities that are repeatable and has specific outcomes; it is also self-contained and may have other services composing it. SOA is based on the services design mirroring real world activities and the representation of the services makes use of business descriptions to create a context such as rules and goals (Krafzig, Banke and Slama, 2005). The services are implemented using service orchestration. SOA does place unique requirements on infrastructure characterized by the use of open standards. The service implementation is environment specific whereby the context enables or constrains them such that their description must be within the context. The SOA architecture has an ESB (enterprise service bus) which is an architecture havin g a set of specific principles and rules used to integrate several applications together in a bus like infrastructure. The ESB allows for the integration of different applications through the placement of communication between the applications in such a way that each application can talk to the ESB (the bus). This architecture enables systems to be decoupled from each other enabling their communication without dependence or knowledge of the other systems hosted on the bus (Qian, 2010). ESB means that there is no need for point to point integration. SOA utilizes components based development for assembling software applications from reusable components; alternatively, components can be encapsulated in standards based interfaces allowing their reuse. Agent Oriented Architecture The SOA has some challenges with client coding; the AOA aims at solving this problem by applying best practice and is especially suited to multi agent systems such as the WMS. AOA focuses on the use of agents with organizations of agents being the main abstractions. For complex multi agent software, there is no need for a bus that may be overloaded; the agents are able to communicate directly with each other and must follow all constraints at each point of interaction (Qian, 2010). Figure II below shows the WMS system based on the AOA architecture; The report manager makes requests directly to the scheduler, which then triggers the sensors to generate data and this data is transmitted to the report manager as a report. The first thing to note is that there is already a feedback mechanism based on a request sent from the report manager to the scheduler. In this case, the scheduler is an agent as is the report manager. The screen manager also interacts directly with the report manager through a request and feedback system in which the screen manager directly sends a request to the report manager and gets a feedback by way of the sensor data being sent to it. The screen manager then processes the sensor data and then sends them to the display screen as a report through interaction. The sensors have direct interaction with the report manager (Qian, 2010). As the sensor data is sent to the screen through a multi agent system, the history tracker interacts with the report manager and historical reports are sent to the history tracker which then stores this data. Both the SOA and the AOA are promising distributed systems software design, however, the AOA is programmed using syntax in which neutral applications are also turned into agents, allowing them to communicate system wide. SOA uses application components to communicate using a network protocol in a bus-like design. SOA is independent of products, vendors or technologies and is characterized by service abstraction. AOA is capable of negotiation and is also capable of role multiplicity; it has individual knowledge and domain specific roles. Services are matched with request, which makes it a faster architecture that is highly scalable without having to increase the infrastructure. For instance, the SOA will require a bigger and faster bus for multiple agents, while the AOA is dynamically able to operate on the principle of role multiplicity. There is possibility of agents and services running in multiple threads making it possible for agents to respond to multiple requests and give feedb ack with AOA because events are uncoupled while SOA is characterized by coupling through an enterprise bus. AOA gives the optimal solution for multiple requests. By way of conclusion (Cretu, n.d.); the AOA appears superior and highly scalable than the SOA architecture, especially where multi agent applications and systems are involved. References Cretu, L. (n.d.). Designing enterprise architecture frameworks: Integrating business processes with IT Infrastructure. 1st ed. New Jersey: Apple Academic Press, p.135. Krafzig, D., Banke, K. and Slama, D. (2005). Enterprise SOA. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, p.133. Qian, K. (2010). Software architecture and design illuminated. 1st ed. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.